1. Japanese Type 38 Rifle Serial Numbers
2. Arisaka Type 38 Identify
3. Japanese Rifle Serial Number 91054

Japanese Arisaka Type 38 rifle showing 16-petal chrysanthemum and characters that spell Type 38. The series of six numbers on the left side of the receiver is the serial number of the Japanese Arisaka Type 38, which is 749348.

The Arisaka rifle (有坂銃 Arisaka-jū) is a family of Japanese militarybolt-actionservice rifles, in production and use since approximately 1897, when it replaced the Murata rifle (村田銃 Murata-jū) family, until the end of World War II in 1945. The most common specimens include the Type 38 chambered for the 6.5×50mmSR Type 38 cartridge, and the Type 99 chambered for the 7.7×58mm Type 99 cartridge, which is comparable in power to a modern .308 Winchester round. Many thousands of Type 99s and other Arisaka variants were brought to the United States by soldiers as war trophies during and after World War II.

• 2Models
  • 2.1Type 30
  • 2.2Type 38
  • 2.5Type 99
• 3Bayonets

This is a Japanese Arisaka Type-99 'Last Ditch' rifle chambered in 7.7 mm. This rifle was made at the Jinsen Arsenal, a tough arsenal to find a good rifle from. It has all matching numbers.Click for more info. Aug 22, 2013  I found a japanese ww2 rifle. From what i have researched i think it might be a type 30, 38, or 99 but i dont know the distinctions. It has no serial numbers but a star engraved on top of the receiver. I would appreciate any information on how to go about finding out more. Essentially unless you were shooting at a WW1 biplane, you wouldn't hit a damn thing. Also, the optimistic idea that Japanese infantrymen would direct effective fire (in volleys) out to 1500m was a nonsensical leftover from the Russo-Japanese war when area-fire machine-guns had yet to be fielded in any numbers.

History[edit]

1. The serial number is found on the left side of the receiver on most standard rifles. The Arsenal mark on Japanese rifles is generally found to the right of the serial number on the left side of the receiver. Frequently there is a Series designator in a circle preceeding the serial number on.
2. I have looked at a rifle that could be for sale, I just need to make an offer. A concentric circle 6.6mm bolt action long rifle. I lost my paper upon which I had recorded markings that would indicate the manufacturing arsenal, serial number and series number.
3. Chambered in 7.7×58mm Type 99, later rimless variants of the Type 92 and 97 cartridges also usable. Designed in 1939, then produced and fielded from 1941 to 1945, the Type 99 was the most common Imperial Japanese service rifle of World War II and second most produced imperial rifle with 2,500,000.

The Arisaka rifle was designed by Colonel Arisaka Nariakira (有坂 成章; 1852–1915), who was later promoted to lieutenant general and also received the title of baron from Emperor Meiji, in 1907. Over the course of various wars several productions runs and variants were made, including the transition from the 6.5mm Type 38 cartridge to the larger 7.7mm Type 99, and the introduction of a paratrooper rifle that could be disassembled into two major parts for airborne operations. Tests on samples of Arisaka rifles conducted after the war showed that their bolts and receivers were constructed of carbon steel 'similar to SAE steel grade No. 1085 with a carbon content of 0.80% to 0.90%, and a manganese content of 0.60% to 0.90%.'^[1] During destructive tests, the Arisakas were shown to be stronger than the M1903 Springfield, Lee–Enfield, and Mauser rifles.^[2] The Arisaka's were also one of the only guns of the era to use polygonal rifling in its barrels, rather than the more traditional lands and grooves.

Some of the early issue Type 99 rifles were fitted with a folding wire monopod intended to improve accuracy in the prone position. The rear sights also featured folding horizontal extensions to give a degree of lead suitable for firing against aircraft. Near the end of World War II, last-ditch ersatz models were being made in various cost-cutting feature variations with the goal of cheaply bolstering the imperial armed forces; for example, the ovoid bulb-shaped bolt of earlier runs were replaced by a smaller and utilitarian cylindrical shape, the handguard on the barrel was omitted, and crude fixed sights were fitted.

The Arisaka bolt-action service rifle was used everywhere in the Imperial Japanese Army and the Imperial Japanese Navy. Prior to World War II, Arisakas were used by the British Navy and Russian Army, in Finland and Albania. The Czech Legions that fought in the Russian Revolution were almost entirely armed with Type 30s and 38s. Many captured Arisaka rifles were employed by neighboring countries both during and after World War II, in places such as China, Thailand and Cambodia. However, after the Japanese surrender in the summer of 1945, manufacture of rifles and ammunition stopped abruptly, and the Arisaka quickly became obsolete. Since most Imperial Japanese Armory contents were thrown into Tokyo Harbor after the signing of the surrender, spare ammunition also became rare. Additional 6.5×50mmSR ammunition was, however, produced in China for use in their captured rifles.

The imperial ownership seal, a 16-petal chrysanthemum known as the Chrysanthemum Flower Seal stamped upon the top of the receiver in all official imperial-issue rifles, has often been defaced by filing, grinding, or stamping on surviving examples. There are conflicting claims that this was done on the orders of the Imperial Japanese Military prior to surrender, however it is generally accepted by most historians that the imperial chrysanthemums were ground off the rifles on the orders from General Douglas MacArthur, the commander of occupation forces at that time.^[3] To date, no documentation from either Japanese or U.S. forces has been found that required the defacing. Most of the Arisakas with surviving insignia are in Japan, though there are a few remaining on samples taken as war trophies before the surrender, and those captured by Chinese forces. Some of the captured Sino Arisakas were later exported to the United States, examples including a number of Type 38 carbines rebarrelled and rechambered for the 7.62×39mm round. Some Type 38 rifles captured by the Kuomintang forces were also converted to fire the 7.92×57mm Mauser round.

Many of the Chrysanthemum Seals were completely ground off, but some were merely defaced with a chisel, scratch or had the number '0' stamped repeatedly along the edges. The latter was usually done with rifles removed from Japanese military service (and thus no longer the emperor's property), including rifles given to schools or sold to other nations, such as the British Royal Navy's purchase of many Type 38s in World War I to free up SMLE rifles for their land forces.

A very small run of Type 38 rifles was also manufactured for export to Mexico in 1910, with the Mexican coat of arms instead of the imperial chrysanthemum, though few arrived before the Mexican Revolution and the bulk remained in Japan until World War I, when they were sold to Imperial Russia.

Models[edit]

Type 30[edit]

First rifle of the Arisaka series. Chambered in 6.5×50mmSR Type 30. 554,000 built.

Type 30 carbine[edit]

Carbine variant of the Type 30; 300 mm shorter. 45,000 built.

Type 35[edit]

Officially designated as Type 35 navy rifle. Also in 6.5×50mmSR Type 30.

Design improvement based on the Type 30 for the Imperial Japanese Navy Land Forces by Major Nambu Kijirō. Changes include tangent type rear sight, separate sliding bolt cover (as opposed to simultaneously moving ones on all other types after) of the same type later used on the Siamese Mauser style rifle, hook safety replaced with a large knob cocking piece to protect from gases in case of a blown primer, larger bolt handle knob, improved bolt head, gas port in bolt body, and improved chamber configuration for better cartridge feeding.

Type 38[edit]

Developed by Major Nambu Kijirō. Chambered in 6.5×50mmSR Type 38, Type 30 cartridge is also usable. A short variant exists for ease of handling, its length is between the basic rifle and the carbine.

One of the most produced and commonly encountered model. Designed in 1905 and simultaneously produced until 1942 with 3,400,000 built.

Type 38 carbine[edit]

Carbine variant of the Type 38; 300 mm shorter. Also fielded by support personnel.

Type 44 carbine[edit]

Carbine derived from the Type 38 rifle. Chambered in 6.5×50mmSR Type 38, Type 30 cartridge is also usable. Distinguishing features are its folding spike bayonet and two-piece takedown cleaning rods concealed within the buttstock. Originally intended for the cavalry, also used by other support personnel.

Type 97 sniper rifle[edit]

One of the two main sniper rifles in imperial military service. Based on the Type 38 rifle. Chambered in 6.5×50mmSR Type 38, but more commonly used reduced charge cartridges associated with the Type 11 and 96 light machine guns for lighter recoil, reduced report, camouflaged muzzle flash, and overall accuracy. Uses factory-zeroed Type 97 telescopic sight (2.5X).

About 22,500 built.

Type 99[edit]

Successor to the Type 38 rifle. Chambered in 7.7×58mm Type 99, later rimless variants of the Type 92 and 97 cartridges also usable.

Designed in 1939, then produced and fielded from 1941 to 1945, the Type 99 was the most common Imperial Japanese service rifle of World War II and second most produced imperial rifle with 2,500,000 built. Significant changes are the improvement of the rear sight form transitioning from a V-notch type like those on a Type 38, to an aperture, the front sight blade was renewed to a triangular shape, chrome-lined barrels were used, and on earlier productions, the rear sight was equipped with anti-aircraft calipers.

Sub-variations included a long rifle (approximately only 38,000 made), and short rifle; former being 1258 mm in total and latter being 1118 mm. The short rifle also varied in quality from initial, intermediate, to last-ditch.

Type 99 sniper rifle[edit]

The other sniper rifle of the Imperial Japanese Military. Built on both the long and short models with the latter being higher in number. Chambered in 7.7×58mm Type 99, later rimless variants of the Type 92 and 97 cartridges also usable. The larger, more powerful caliber allowed the ballistics to be less affected by windage at the cost of stronger recoil. Two different types of scopes were issued to the rifles: the Type 97 2.5X telescopic scope, or the Type 99 4X telescopic scope. Later productions of the Type 99 scope allowed for distance adjustment. Each scopes were issued with their respective holsters, and were often detached from the rifle and placed within them while advancing.

By doctrine, snipers of the imperial military were selected by his skill in marksmanship and the caliber of the rifle he was assigned to corresponded with the ammunition of the company he was under.

Production began in May 1942. Total number made is approximately 10,000.

TERA[edit]

A small series of takedown rifles produced for the imperial army paratroopers and imperial navy paratroopers. Only production model is the Type 2 based on the Type 99 short rifle; the rest are two proto-test types (Type 100 and Type 1). The Type 2 is chambered in 7.7×58mm Type 99, later rimless variants of the Type 92 and 97 cartridges also usable.

The Type 2 allowed for compact storage by breaking down to two pieces: the stock and action, and barrel and handguard.

About a total of 19,000 were produced from 1942 to 1944.

Bayonets[edit]

Type 30[edit]

Created simultaneously with the Type 30 rifle, this sword-type bayonet is compatible with all variants of the Arisaka rifle except for the Type 44 carbine. Twenty different variations exist, and is further categorized by early, mid, and late-war production phases. Also fixable on Type 96 and 99 light machine guns.

Type 35 bayonet[edit]

The Type 35 bayonet was a slightly modified Type 30 bayonet made specifically for the Type 35 rifle. The dimensions of the bayonet is almost exactly the same as the Type 30 bayonet. The only real difference between the two is the added addition of a sprung catch that hooks into the scabbard when not in use.^[4]

About 8,400,000 were made.

Type 44[edit]

Fixed permanently on the Type 44 carbine, this spike-type bayonet is foldable under the handguard and does not interfere with the barrel when deployed.

Type 2[edit]

With the long length of the Type 30 bayonet unfit for concealing within a paratrooper's personal equipment set, this knife-type bayonet was created to address this issue. Twenty centimetres shorter than a Type 30, its total length is 32.3 cm. Used primarily with the Type 2 TERA rifle or the Type 100 submachine gun by the Imperial Military Airborne Divisions.

About 25,000 were made.

Users[edit]

• Austria-Hungary: Some captured at the Eastern front during World War I. When available ammunition was running out some were converted to the 6.5×54mm Mannlicher–Schönauer cartridge and their rear sight leafs were possibly replaced with Mannlicher M95 type ones.^[5]
• Empire of Japan: used by Japanese Imperial Military.
• China: captured or confiscated from Japanese Imperial Military.
• Cambodia: captured or confiscated from Japanese Imperial Military.^{[citation needed]}
  • Khmer Issarak: Used during First Indochina War.
  • Khmer Rouge: Used during Vietnam War.
• Czechoslovakia: Used by Czechoslovak Legion During Russian Civil War.^[6]
• Estonia: Independence War, Defense League Kaitseliit (Home Guard); many were converted to fire .303 British cartridges.
• Finland: Some used by the Finnish Army.^[7]
  • Finnish People's Delegation: used various models in Finnish Civil War.^{[citation needed]}
• France: Arisaka rifles were exchanged to units assigned to man front-line trenches during World War One. This was to conserve scarce stocks of Lebel and Berthier rifles for exploitation and follow-on formations that would otherwise be damaged or destroyed in a bombardment.
• Indonesia: captured or confiscated from Japanese Imperial Military.^{[citation needed]}
• Kingdom of Hejaz: Supplied by Royal Navy to Lawrence of Arabia for Arab Forces during Arab Revolt.^[8]
• Laos: captured or confiscated from Japanese Imperial Military.^{[citation needed]}
• Malaya: captured or confiscated from Japanese Imperial Military.^{[citation needed]}
• North Korea: captured or confiscated from Japanese Imperial Military.^{[citation needed]}
• Philippines: captured or confiscated from Japanese Imperial Military.^{[citation needed]}
• Second Polish Republic: captured or confiscated ex-Russian stocks of Arisaka Type 30 (c.1897AD), Type 35 (c.1902AD) and Type 38 (c.1905AD) rifles and carbines^[9]. The Arisaka Type 30 rifle was classified as the karabin japoński wz.97 Arisaka, the Type 30 Carbine was the karabinek japoński wz.97 Arisaka, the Type 38 rifle was classified as the karabin japoński wz.05 Arisaka and the Arisaka Type 38 Carbine was the karabinek japoński wz.05 Arisaka. They were issued to police, border guards and paramilitary militia formations.
• Republic of China: Some were captured or confiscated from Japanese Imperial Military.
  • Fengtian Clique: Used by Chang Tso-lin's army during Warlord Era.^[10]
• Russian Empire: purchased Type 38 rifles during World War I.^[11]
• Soviet Russia: several Red Army units used rifles during Russian Civil War.^[12][13]
• Thailand: built under contract with 8 mm. Siamese Mauser ammunition (8x52 mm. R Type 66) and locally called 'Type 66 Rifle'.^[14]
• United Kingdom: a mixed batch of Type 30 and Type 38 rifles were received by Britain at the start of World War I for use in training battalions, declared obsolete in 1921. The Royal Navy also used Arisakas to free up the Lee–Enfields for land forces.^{[citation needed]}
• Vietnam: captured or confiscated from Japanese Imperial Military.^[15]

Details[edit]

As with all captured foreign firearms they may be dangerous when fired, due to both the lower quality of the 'last-ditch' rifles produced during the end-half of World War II, and to modifications performed by returning U.S. servicemen on those rifles. Ammunition for the Arisaka series, which were often battlefield pick-ups, or souvenirs, were not readily available after the end of the war. Consequently, many were rebored or rechambered for readily available calibers of that time. Additionally, some were occasionally rendered inoperable prior to being shipped home, or even potentially sabotaged. The manner in which rifles may have been demilled can include permanently damaging the receiver or removal of parts.

Type 38s in particular were commonly rechambered to 6.5×.257 Roberts, a wildcat cartridge made using the readily available .257 Roberts cases with the neck expanded to use 6.5mm bullets specific to the already existing barrel. Likewise, the Type 99 in 7.7×58mm were known to be converted to .30-06 Springfield, which is again of similar but not identical dimensions. While the .30-06 can be fired by lengthening the chamber of the rifle slightly (from 58 to 63mm), the 7.7mm case is slightly wider than the .30-06 and uses a slightly larger-diameter bullet, meaning a .30–06 cartridge case will swell slightly to fit the oversized chamber, and a standard .30-06 bullet with a .308 diameter will not provide a good fit to the .310–312 diameter rifling.

Those seeking ammunition for their Type 99 rifles often manufacture it by modifying .30–06 cases. The German 7.92×57mm Mauser cartridge may also be used with the proper .311 diameter bullet. The widely available British .303 bullets also provide a proper fit for the firearm's rifling. Norma currently manufactures stock 7.7×58mm ammunition, as well as making new brass available for reloaders. Hornady also produces new Arisaka ammunition in both 6.5mm and 7.7mm calibers. Since the base of the 7.7mm case is slightly larger than the .30-06 (thereby causing varying amounts of bulging in the reformed brass), some owners may find it preferable to use proper brass or new factory cartridges. Bullets and powder charges of surplus .303 British ammunition may also be loaded into proper 7.7×58mm cases to produce rifle cartridges with ballistics that are similar to the original Japanese military load.

Gallery[edit]

• Full view of a late model Type 99

• Buttstock of the Type 99

• Locked Type 99 bolt

• Unlocked Type 99 bolt

• Close-up of the Type 99 bolt

• Barrel of the Type 99 showing rifling

• Type 30 bayonet

• Type 99 with Type 30 bayonet attached

See also[edit]

References[edit]

• Honeycutt, Fred L. Jr and Anthony, Patt F. Military Rifles of Japan. Fifth edition, 2006. Julin Books, U.S.A. ISBN0-9623208-7-0.

1. ^Hatcher p. 231
2. ^Hatcher p. 206
3. ^Honeycutt & Anthony p. 12
4. ^Allan; White; Zielinkski. p. 78
5. ^http://www.hungariae.com/Arisaka.htm
6. ^Allan; White; Zielinski. p. 90-95
7. ^http://www.jaegerplatoon.net/RIFLES5.htm
8. ^Allan; White; Zielinski. p. 90-95
9. ^IAA Forum General Discussion 6,5x50SR Arisaka in Polish Army
10. ^Historical Dictionary of Modern China (1800-1949) by James Z. Gao; Scarecrow Press, 16 jun. 2009; p.115
11. ^'Во время первой мировой войны царская Россия испытывала недостаток в стрелковом вооружении, поэтому в армии кроме винтовок русского образца были также и иностранные – японские Арисака обр.1897 и 1905 гг., австро-венгерские Манлихера 1889 и 1895 гг., германские '88' и '98'. Кроме этих винтовок использовались также и устаревшие образцы, стрелявшие патронами, снаряженными дымным порохом – Бердана № 2 образца 1870 г., Гра 1874 г., Гра-Кропачека 1874/85 г., Веттерли 1870/87 г.'
    А. Б. Жук. Энциклопедия стрелкового оружия: револьверы, пистолеты, винтовки, пистолеты-пулеметы, автоматы. М., АСТ — Воениздат, 2002. стр.587
12. ^С. Кляцкин. Строительство Красной Армии в 1918 году // журнал 'Вопросы истории', № 2, февраль 1948. стр.49–69
13. ^Винтовка // Гражданская война и военная интервенция в СССР. Энциклопедия / редколл., гл. ред. С. С. Хромов. — 2-е изд. — М., «Советская энциклопедия», 1987. стр.94–95
14. ^https://www.forgottenweapons.com/saimese-mauser-followup-the-type-66-rifle/
15. ^Windrow, Martin (20 Sep 2018). French Foreign Légionnaire vs Viet Minh Insurgent: North Vietnam 1948–52. Combat 36. Osprey Publishing. pp. 24–25. ISBN9781472828910.

• Hatcher, Julian, Major General, (U.S.A. Ret). Hatcher's Notebook. Stackpole Publishing, Harrisburg, PA U.S.A.; 1962. Library of Congress Number 62-12654.

External links[edit]

• 小銃 日本の武器兵器 Rifles Japanese Weapons^{[dead link]}

The Type 99 rifle Arisaka or Type 99 short rifle (九十九式短小銃Kyūjūkyū-shiki tan-shōjū) was a bolt-actionrifle of the Arisaka design used by the Imperial Japanese Army during World War II.

• 1History

History[edit]

During the Second Sino-Japanese War in the 1930s, the Japanese soon found that the 7.7mm cartridge being fired by their Type 92 heavy machine gun in China was superior to the 6.5×50mm cartridge of the Type 38 rifle, necessitating the development of a new weapon to replace the outclassed Type 38.^[2] The Imperial Japanese Army (IJA) developed the Type 99 based on the Type 38 rifle but with a caliber of 7.7mm. The Type 99 was produced at nine different arsenals. Seven arsenals were located in Japan, with the other two located at Mukden in China and Jinsen in Korea.

The IJA had intended to completely replace the Type 38 with the Type 99 by the end of the war. However, the outbreak of the Pacific war never allowed the army to completely replace the Type 38 and so the IJA used both rifles during the war. As the war progressed, more and more cost saving steps were introduced in order to speed up production. Late war rifles are often called 'Last Ditch' or 'Substitute Standard' due to their crudeness of finish. They are generally as crude as the 1945 dated MauserK98k of Germany, or worse.

The Type 99 was produced in four versions, the regular issue Type 99 Short Rifle, the Type 99 Long Rifle (a limited production variant), the takedown Type 2 Paratroop Rifle, and the Type 99 Sniper Rifle. The standard rifle also came with a wire monopod and an anti-aircraft sighting device. The Type 99 was the first mass-produced infantry rifle to have a chrome lined bore to ease cleaning. All of these features were abandoned by mid-war.

Nomenclature note: In the West, Japanese equipment is commonly referred to as 'Type XX', rather than 'Model XX'. In the case of a firearm, 'Model' is a more accurate interpretation of the SHIKI (式) character, but the word 'Type' has become well-established by collectors for decades.

Other users[edit]

During the Korean War, approximately 126,500 short and 6,650 long Type 99 Rifles were re-chambered under American supervision at the Tokyo arsenal to fire the then-standard .30-06 Springfield cartridge. Apparently intended for the South Korean 'gendarmerie', few rifles appear to have been issued at the end of the war in 1953. These rifles were fitted with a lengthened magazine well and had a small notch cut in the top of the receiver to accommodate the .30-06 round's 1/3 inch greater length.^[3] Accuracy suffered, due to the difference in cartridges, rifling rate and characteristics, but they were nonetheless functional. Conversions to both .30-06 and 7.62 NATO as well 7.62 Russian have also been performed by civilians, often along with sporterising modifications.

After 1946, the Republic of China re-chambered large numbers of Type 99 rifles to fire the 8×57 IS cartridge.^[1] Indonesian forces used a large number of Type 99 rifles in the fighting against the Dutch during the Indonesian National Revolution (1945–1949). The Royal Thai Army received Japanese rifles of all types after 1945 and converted some short Type 99 rifles to fire the U.S. .30-06 cartridge during the early 1950s.^[3]

Design[edit]

To gain the superior hitting power of the larger 7.7mm cartridge, several caliber 6.5mm Type 38 rifles were modified for the new round. Although the tests proved satisfactory, the army decided that the added recoil and larger chambering for the 7.7mm cartridge would require an entirely new rifle for the cartridge.^[2] It utilized a cock-on-closing action and an unusual safety mechanism, operated by pressing in the large knurled disk at the rear of the bolt with the palm of the hand and rotating it in a 1/8 clockwise turn, which is often misunderstood by Western shooters who are used to the Mauser's thumb lever safety. It featured a quick-release bolt and antiaircraft sights, as well as a sliding bolt cover and monopod. As a bolt-action rifle, the Type 99 was a very solid weapon, but as with all manually operated rifles used during World War II, they were in most close combat situations outclassed by semi-automatic rifles and submachine guns.

The Type 99 is one of the strongest military bolt action rifles ever made,^[4] but many late-war ('last ditch') rifles used lower quality parts, and a complete lack of finish, as well as shortcuts taken to ease production. The 'last ditch' rifles are usually distinguished by their crudeness: poorly finished stock, wood buttplate, very obvious tooling marks in the metal, rudimentary sights and an unfinished bolt knob and handle. Unlike its predecessors, however, a disadvantage of the Type 99 was its increased recoil due to the lighter weight combined with a heavier cartridge.

In some cases, these rifles may actually be training rifles intended for firing cartridges with a wood projectile only. The training rifles were made of mild steel and were never intended for ball ammunition. It is possible that reports of Type 99 rifles blowing up were simply the results of soldiers testing captured weapons. Unaware that they were using drill rifles, they fired ball ammunition in them with poor results and possible injuries. It is possible that this may have unjustly led to the Arisaka having a reputation (at least for the last ditch rifles) for being of poor construction.

The Type 99 can be fitted with a Type 30 bayonet. The Type 30 bayonet had a very long, slender blade, and was grooved to reduce weight. The early models featured a hooked quillion. These bayonets attached to a lug under the barrel and were further stabilized by a loop that fit around the muzzle. Unmounted, it handled like a machete.

Variants[edit]

Type 99 long rifle

The initial production rifle of the Type 99. Made only by Nagoya Arsenal and Toyo Kogyo under Kokura Arsenal supervision. Only about 38,000 were produced, 8,000 at Nagoya and 30,000 at Toyo Kogyo between summer of 1940 and spring of 1941 when production was switched to the much more common new Type 99 short rifle of which millions were made. Like the early Type 99 short rifles, these rifles were made with a monopod, anti-aircraft lead arms on the rear sight and a dust cover.^[5]

Gallery[edit]

• Full view of a late war Type 99

• Buttstock of the Type 99

• Locked Type 99 bolt

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• Unlocked Type 99 bolt

• Close-up of the Type 99 bolt

• Barrel of the Type 99 showing rifling

• Type 99 with Type 30 bayonet attached

• Full view of an early Type 99 short rifle

• Full view of an early Type 99 short rifle

• Flip-up anti-aircraft sights on Type 99

• Flip-up anti-aircraft sights on Type 99, in the down position.

• Dust cover for Type 99.

• Type 99 with chrysanthemum

Availability[edit]

Though the Arisaka rifle has never been exported to the United States in great numbers, there are thousands available—most having been brought home by Marines and soldiers returning from the Pacific theater. In many cases, the imperial chrysanthemum atop the receiver has been defaced by the surrendering Japanese in order to preserve the Emperor's honor: the mark indicated that the rifle was the Emperor's personal property. Rifles with an intact chrysanthemum often bring a premium on the collector market, sometimes almost double the price for a like model defaced rifle. Many have been rechambered to more common calibers due to the relative scarcity of factory 7.7×58mm Arisaka; it is particularly suitable for this due to its robust action.

Users[edit]

• National Revolutionary Army: some re-chambered for the 8×57mm IS cartridge after 1946.^[1]
• Chinese Red Army: 7.7mm (original) and 8mm (modified) versions still used by Chinese militias in the 1960s.^[6]
• Indonesia: used during the Indonesian National Revolution.^[3]
• Empire of Japan
• Malaysia: captured during World War II and used by Malayan Races Liberation Army of Malayan Communist Party during the Malayan Emergency.^{[citation needed]}
• North Korea: used during the Korean War.^[7]
• Philippines: captured during World War II and used by Filipino guerrillas.^[8]
• South Korea: few were actually issued. Manufactured at the Incheon armory during Japanese occupation, some were converted to fire US ammunition and used during the Korean war.^[3] As no official report of disposal was issued, some are believed to be still in the military reserve armories.^{[citation needed]}
• Thailand: Acquire from the Japanese sometimes after 1940^{[citation needed]}, some were converted to the .30-06 cartridge in the early 1950s.^[3]
• Vietnam: used by Viet Minh during First Indochina War^[9] and later by Viet Cong during Vietnam War.^{[citation needed]}

References[edit]

Japanese Type 38 Rifle Serial Numbers

• Hatcher, General Julian S. (1966). Hatcher's Notebook. Harrisburg, PA: Stackpole Company.
• Honeycutt Jr., Fred L. and Anthony, F. Patt. Military Rifles of Japan. Fifth edition, 2006. Julin Books, U.S.A. ISBN0-9623208-7-0.
• Voigt, Don The Japanese Type 99 Arisaka Rifle 2010 Edition, 2012 revision, 2012. Lodestone Publications, U.S.A. ISBN978-0-9801826-8-2.

Arisaka Type 38 Identify

1. ^ ^abcWalter, John (2006). Rifles of the World (3rd ed.). Iola, WI: Krause Publications. p. 33. ISBN0-89689-241-7.
2. ^ ^abHoneycutt and Anthony p. 84
3. ^ ^abcdeWalter, John (2006). Rifles of the World (3rd ed.). Iola, WI: Krause Publications. p. 34. ISBN0-89689-241-7.
4. ^Hatcher, P. 206, 210
5. ^Voigt, p.18-20
6. ^Smith, Joseph E. (1969). Small Arms of the World (11 ed.). Harrisburg, Pennsylvania: The Stackpole Company. p. 299.
7. ^Edwards, Paul M. (2006). The Korean War. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. p. 77. ISBN0-313-33248-7.
8. ^Scarlata, Paul (20 December 2009). 'Small arms of the Philippine Constabulary: from Moro to Japanese and back again! Part 2'. Shotgun News.
9. ^Windrow, Martin (15 Nov 1998). The French Indochina War 1946–54. Men-at-Arms 322. Osprey Publishing. p. 45. ISBN9781855327894.

External links[edit]

Japanese Rifle Serial Number 91054